ISA-IEC-62443 Online Practice Questions and Answers

Correct Answer: C

ISO/IEC 15408, also known as the Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation, is an international standard that provides a framework for evaluating the security of IT products and systems. The purpose of the standard is to define a common set of requirements for the security functions and assurance measures of IT products and systems, and to establish a common methodology for conducting security evaluations. The standard allows users to specify their security needs and expectations in a Security Target (ST), which may be based on one or more Protection Profiles (PPs) that define security requirements for a class of products or systems. Vendors can then implement or claim compliance with the ST or PPs, and have their products or systems evaluated by independent testing laboratories against the security criteria defined in the standard. The standard also defines a scale of Evaluation Assurance Levels (EALs) that indicate the degree of confidence in the security of the evaluated product or system. The standard is intended to facilitate the development, procurement, and use of secure IT products and systems, and to promote the recognition and acceptance of evaluation results across different countries and regions. References: ISO/IEC 15408-1:2009 - Common Criteria Evaluation for IT Security - Nemko1 Common Criteria - Wikipedia2 ISO/IEC Standard 15408 -- ENISA3

Correct Answer: A

One of the primary goals of providing a framework addressing secure product development life-cycle requirements is to ensure that the development process of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) products is aligned with the security objectives and requirements of the ISA/IEC 62443 series of standards. The framework defines a secure development life-cycle (SDL) that covers all the phases of product development, from security requirements definition, to secure design, implementation, verification, validation, defect management, patch management, and product end-of-life. The framework also provides guidance on how to document and demonstrate compliance with the SDL requirements, as well as how to assess the security performance of the products using security levels. By following the framework, product suppliers can improve the security of their products and reduce the risk of vulnerabilities and exploits that may compromise the safety, integrity, reliability, and security of IACS. References: ISA/IEC 62443-4-1:2018, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 4-1: Product security development life-cycle requirements1 ISA/IEC 62443-4-2:2019, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 4-2: Technical security requirements for IACS components2

Correct Answer: BCD

According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, a review of the CSMS should be triggered by any changes that affect the cybersecurity risk of the industrial automation and control system (IACS), such as new technical controls, organizational restructuring, or security incidents1. Budgeting is not a trigger for CSMS review, unless it impacts the cybersecurity risk level or the CSMS itself2. References: 1: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010, Section 4.3.3.3 2: A Practical Approach to Adopting the IEC 62443 Standards, ISAGCA Blog3

Correct Answer: D

Asymmetric (public) key algorithms are a type of cryptographic algorithms that require more than one key. Asymmetric key algorithms use a pair of keys, one for encryption and one for decryption, that are mathematically related but not

identical1. The encryption key is usually made public, while the decryption key is kept private. This allows anyone to encrypt a message using the public key, but only the intended recipient can decrypt it using the private key1. Asymmetric key

algorithms are also known as public key algorithms or public key cryptography1. Asymmetric key algorithms are used for various purposes, such as digital signatures, key exchange, and encryption2. Some examples of asymmetric key

algorithms are RSA, Diffie-Hellman, ElGamal, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography2.

References: Asymmetric Algorithm or Public Key Cryptography - IBM, Cryptography 101:

Key Principles, Major Types, Use Cases and Algorithms | Splunk.

Correct Answer: B

The "Addressing Risk" CSMS category consists of three element groups: Security Policy, Organization and Awareness; Selected Security Countermeasures; and Implementation of Security Program1. These element groups cover the aspects of defining the security objectives, roles and responsibilities, policies and procedures, awareness and training, security countermeasures selection and implementation, and security program execution and maintenance1. The "Addressing Risk" CSMS category aims to reduce the security risk to an acceptable level by applying appropriate security measures to the system under consideration (SuC)1. References: 1: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1: Security for industrial automation and control systems: Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program

Correct Answer: C

The abbreviation CSMS stands for Cyber Security Management System in ISA 62443-2-1. This standard defines the elements necessary to establish a CSMS for industrial automation and control systems (IACS) and provides guidance on how to develop those elements123. A CSMS is a collection of policies, procedures, practices, and personnel that are responsible for ensuring the security of IACS throughout their lifecycle24. References: 1: ISA/IEC 62443 Series of Standards - ISA 2: ISA 62443-2-1 - Security for industrial automation and control systems, Part 2-1: Establishing an Industrial Automation and Control Systems Security Program | GlobalSpec 3: IEC 62443-2-1:2010 | IEC Webstore | cyber security, smart city 4: Structuring the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards - ISAGCA

Correct Answer: C

Authorization is the process of granting or denying access to a network resource or function. Authorization (user accounts) must be granted based on specific roles, which are defined as sets of permissions and responsibilities assigned to a user or a group of users. Roles should be based on the principle of least privilege, which means that users should only have the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks. Roles should also be based on the principle of separation of duties, which means that users should not have conflicting or overlapping responsibilities that could compromise the security or integrity of the system. Authorization based on individual preferences or common needs for large groups is not recommended, as it could lead to excessive or unnecessary access rights, or to inconsistent or conflicting policies. Authorization based on system complexity is also not a good criterion, as it could result in overcomplicated or unclear roles that are difficult to manage or audit. References: ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 3-3: System security requirements and security levels1 ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010 - Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 2-1: Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program2 ISA/IEC 62443-4-1:2018 - Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 4-1: Product security development life-cycle requirements3

Correct Answer: A

Separation of duties is a security principle that aims to prevent fraud, errors, conflicts of interest, or misuse of resources by dividing critical tasks or functions among different people or teams. It is one of the foundational requirements (FRs) of the ISA/IEC 62443 standards for securing industrial automation and control systems (IACSs). According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, separation of duties includes the following system requirements (SRs): SR 2.1: Security management policy SR 2.2: Personnel security SR 2.3: System development and maintenance SR 2.4: Incident response and recovery SR 2.5: Compliance and review Among these SRs, the one that is most related to the example of system development and maintenance is SR 2.3. SR 2.3 requires that the IACS shall provide the capability to ensure that the development and maintenance of the system and its components are performed in a secure manner. This means that the IACS should have a mechanism to control the access and authorization of developers, testers, integrators, and maintainers who work on the system and its components. It also means that the IACS should have a mechanism to verify and validate the quality and security of the system and its components before, during, and after the development and maintenance processes. Therefore, an example of separation of duties as a part of system development and maintenance is that changes are approved by one party and implemented by another. This ensures that the changes are authorized, documented, and reviewed by someone who is not involved in the implementation. This reduces the risk of introducing errors, vulnerabilities, or malicious code into the system and its components. References: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 2-1: Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program1 ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Certificate Program2 ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Library3 Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Control Systems4

Correct Answer: B

Electronic security, as defined in ANSI/ISA-99.00.01:2007, is the discipline that addresses the requirements and implementation of measures to counter threats to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the computers, networks, operating systems, applications, and other programmable configurable components of the system1. Electronic security covers the technical aspects of protecting the system from unauthorized access, modification, disruption, or destruction, as well as ensuring the availability and reliability of the system. Electronic security does not include the personnel, policies, and procedures related to the security of the system, which are part of the organizational security1. Electronic security also does not include the security guidelines for the proper configuration of the system components, which are part of the security program1. References: 1: ANSI/ISA-99.00.01-2007 Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems Part 1-1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models

Correct Answer: D

One of the trends that has increased the security risks for industrial automation and control systems (IACS) is the integration of these systems with business and enterprise systems, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), manufacturing execution systems (MES), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). This integration exposes the IACS to the same threats and vulnerabilities that affect the business and enterprise systems, such as malware, denial-of-service attacks, unauthorized access, and data theft. Moreover, the integration also creates new attack vectors and pathways for adversaries to compromise the IACS, such as through remote access, wireless networks, or third-party devices. Therefore, the integration of IACS with business and enterprise systems is a trend that has caused a significant percentage of security vulnerabilities. References: ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, page 1-2.