HPE6-A85 Online Practice Questions and Answers

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The RADIUS message that you should look for to ensure a successful connection via 802.1X is Access-Accept. This message indicates that the RADIUS server has authenticated and authorized the supplicant (the device that

wants to access thenetwork) and has granted it access to the network resources. The Access-Accept message may also contain additional attributes such as VLAN ID, session timeout, or filter ID that specify how the authenticator (the device

that controls access to the network, such as a switch) should treat the supplicant's traffic. The other options are not RADIUS messages because:

Authorized: This is not a RADIUS message, but a state that indicates that a port on an authenticator is allowed to pass traffic from a supplicant after successful authentication and authorization.

Success: This is not a RADIUS message, but a status that indicates that an EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework that provides support for multiple authentication methods, such as passwords,

certificates, tokens, or biometrics. EAP is used in wireless networks and point-to- point connections to provide secure authentication between a supplicant (a device that wants to access the network) and an authentication server (a device that

verifies the credentials of the supplicant). exchange has completed successfully between a supplicant and an authentication server. Authenticated: This is not a RADIUS message, but a state that indicates that a port on an authenticator has

received an EAP-Success message from an authentication server after successful authentication of a supplicant.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RADIUS#Access-Accept

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security-vpn/remote-authentication-dial-user- service-radius/13838-10.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X#Port- based_network_access_control

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Authentication_Protocol#EAP_exchange

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The field in a Layer 3 IPv4 packet header that is used to mitigate Layer 3 route loops is Time To Live (TTL). TTL is an 8-bit field that indicates the maximum number of hops that a packet can traverse before being discarded. TTL is set by the source device and decremented by one by each router that forwards the packet. If TTL reaches zero, the packet is dropped and an ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network protocol that provides error reporting and diagnostic functions for IP networks. ICMP is used to send messages such as echo requests and replies (ping), destination unreachable, time exceeded, parameter problem, source quench, redirect, etc. ICMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and have a specific format that contains fields such as type, code, checksum, identifier, sequence number, data, etc. ICMP messages can be verified by using commands such as ping , traceroute , debug ip icmp , etc . message is sent back to the source device. TTL is used to mitigate Layer 3 route loops because it prevents packets from circulating indefinitely in a looped network topology. TTL also helps to conserve network resources and avoid congestion caused by looped packets. The other options are not fields in a Layer 3 IPv4 packet header because: Checksum: Checksum is a 16-bit field that is used to verify the integrity of the IP header. Checksum is calculated by the source device and verified by the destination device based on the values of all fields in the IP header. Checksum does not mitigate Layer 3 route loops because it does not limit the number of hops that a packet can traverse. Protocol: Protocol is an 8-bit field that indicates the type of payload carried by the IP datagram. Protocol identifies the upper-layer protocol that uses IP for data transmission, such as TCP Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications on different devices . TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a connection between two endpoints , and uses sequence numbers , acknowledgments , and windowing to ensure data delivery and flow control . TCP also uses mechanisms such as retransmission , congestion avoidance , and fast recovery to handle packet loss and congestion . TCP segments data into smaller units called segments , which are encapsulated in IP datagrams and have a specific format that contains fields such as source port , destination port , sequence number , acknowledgment number , header length , flags , window size , checksum , urgent pointer , options , data , etc . TCP segments can be verified by using commands such as telnet , ftp , ssh , debug ip tcp transactions , etc . , UDP User Datagram Protocol (UDP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transport layer protocol that provides

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Virtual Switching Extension (VSX) is a feature that allows two Aruba CX switches to operate as a single logical device with a single control plane and data plane. VSX provides high availability, scalability, and simplified management for campus and data center networks3. In VSX, one switch is designated as the primary switch and the other as the secondary switch. The primary switch owns and responds to ARP Address Resolution Protocol. ARP is a communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a given internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address. This mapping is a critical function in the Internet protocol suite. requests for the virtual IP address of the VSX pair4. The virtual IP address is used as the default gateway for clients connected to the access switch. If the primary switch fails, the secondary switch takes over the virtual IP address and continues to forward traffic for the clients5.

References: 3 https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS- CX_10_04/UG/Content/cx-ug/vsx/vsx-overview.htm 4 https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_04/UG/Content/cx-ug/vsx/vsx-ip- addressing.htm 5 https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS- CX_10_04/UG/Content/cx-ug/vsx/vsx-failover.htm

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: A slow amber-flashing Stack-LED indicates that stacking mode is selected on the switch. This means that the switch is ready to join a stack or form a new stack if no other switches are present.

References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/ar ubaos-solutions/1-overview/stacking-leds.htm

Correct Answer: CE

Explanation: A UXI (User Experience Insight) is a device that simulates user behavior and tests network performance from the user perspective. It can check different applications, such as HTTP, VOIP, or Office 365, and measure metrics

such as latency, jitter, packet loss, and throughput.

References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/networking/user-experience-insight/

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The correct statement when comparing 5 GHz and 6 GHz channels with identical channel widths is that 5 GHz channels travel different distances and provide different throughputs to clients compared to 6 GHz channels. This

statement reflects the fact that higher frequency signals tend to have higher attenuation Attenuation is a general term that refers to any reduction in signal strength during transmission over distance or through an object or medium . Higher

attenuation means that higher frequency signals have shorter range and lower throughput than lower frequency signals. Some facts about this statement are:

5 GHz channels have lower frequency than 6 GHz channels, which means they have lower attenuation than 6 GHz channels.

Lower attenuation means that 5 GHz channels can travel longer distances and provide higher throughputs to clients than 6 GHz channels with identical channel widths.

However, the difference in distance and throughput between 5 GHz and 6 GHz channels may not be significant in indoor environments where there are many obstacles and reflections that affect signal propagation. The advantage of using 6

GHz channels over 5 GHz channels is that they offer more spectrum availability, less interference, and more non-overlapping channels than 5 GHz channels.

The other options are not correct because:

5 GHz channels travel the same distances and provide different throughputs to clients compared to 6 GHz channels: This option is false because 5 GHz channels do not travel the same distances as 6 GHz channels due to higher attenuation

of higher frequency signals.

5 GHz channels travel the same distances and provide the same throughputs to clients compared to 6 GHz channels: This option is false because 5 GHz channels do not travel the same distances or provide the same throughputs as 6 GHz

channels due to higher attenuation of higher frequency signals. 5 GHz channels travel different distances and provide the same throughputs to clients compared to 6 GHz channels: This option is false because 5 GHz channels do not provide

the same throughputs as

6 GHz channels due to higher attenuation of higher frequency signals.

References: https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-certified-6e

https://www.wi-fi.org/file/wi- fi-alliance-spectrum-needs-study

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/wireless- mobility/wireless-lan-wlan/82068-power-levels.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/wireless/spectrum-expert-wi- fi/prod_white_paper0900aecd807395a9.html

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Bonding multiple 20MHz wide 802.11 channels is a technique to create a wider bandwidth channel that supports higher data rate transmissions. It can increase the throughput between the client and AP by using more spectrum resources and reducing interference.

References:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9288995

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The weakness introduced into WLAN environment when WPA2-Personal is used for security is that PMK Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is a key that is derived from PSK Pre-shared Key (PSK) is a key that is shared between two parties before communication begins , which are both fixed. This means that all users who know PSK can generate PMK without any authentication process. This also means that if PSK or PMK are compromised by an attacker, they can be used to decrypt all traffic encrypted with PTK Pairwise Temporal Key (PTK) is a key that is derived from PMK, ANonce AuthenticatorNonce (ANonce) is a random number generated by an authenticator (a device that controls access to network resources, such as an AP), SNonce Supplicant Nonce (SNonce) is a random number generated by supplicant (a device that wants to access network resources, such as an STA), AA Authenticator Address (AA) is MAC address of authenticator, SA Supplicant Address (SA) is MAC address of supplicant using Pseudo-Random Function (PRF). PTK consists of four subkeys: KCK Key Confirmation Key (KCK) is used for message integrity check, KEK Key Encryption Key (KEK) is used for encryption key distribution, TK Temporal Key (TK) is used for data encryption, MIC Message Integrity Code (MIC) key. . The other options are not weaknesses because: It uses X 509 certificates generated by a Certification Authority: This option is false because WPA2-Personal does not use X 509 certificates or Certification Authority for authentication. X 509 certificates and Certification Authority are used in WPA2- Enterprise mode, which uses 802.1X and EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework that provides support for multiple authentication methods, such as passwords, certificates, tokens, or biometrics. EAP is used in wireless networks and point-to-point connections to provide secure authentication between a supplicant (a device that wants to access the network) and an authentication server (a device that verifies the credentials of the supplicant). for user authentication with a RADIUS server Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a network protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service . The Pairwise Temporal Key (PTK) is specific to each session: This option is false because PTK being specific to each session is not a weakness but a strength of WPA2-Personal. PTK being specific to each session means that it changes periodically during communication based on time or number of packets transmitted. This prevents replay attacks and increases security of data encryption. It does not use the WPA 4-Way Handshake: This option is false because WPA2- Personal does use the WPA 4-Way Handshake for key negotiation. The WPA 4- Way Handshake is a process that allows the station and the access point to exchange ANonce and SNonce and derive PTK from PMK. The WPA 4-Way Handshake also allows the station and the access point to verify each other's PMK and confirm the installation of PTK.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access#WPA_key_hierarchy_and_management https://www.cwnp.com/wp- content/uploads/pdf/WPA2.pdf

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The correct way to configure the routable interface for the subnet to be associated with this VLAN is to create an SVI Switched Virtual Interface (SVI) Switched Virtual Interface (SVI) is a virtual interface on a switch that represents a VLAN and provides Layer 3 routing functions for that VLAN . SVIs are used to enable inter-VLAN routing , provide gateway addresses for hosts in VLANs , apply ACLs or QoS policies to VLANs , etc . SVIs have some advantages over physical routed interfaces such as saving interface ports , reducing cable costs , simplifying network design , etc . SVIs are usually numbered according to their VLAN IDs (e.g., vlan 10) and assigned IP addresses within the subnet of their VLANs . SVIs can be created and configured by using commands such as interface vlan , ip address , no shutdown , etc . SVIs can be verified by using commands such as show ip interface brief , show vlan , show ip route , etc . in the subnet on the 6300M stack. An SVI is a virtual interface on a switch that represents a VLAN and provides Layer 3 routing functions for that VLAN. Creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack allows the switch to act as a gateway for the users in that VLAN and enable inter-VLAN routing between different subnets. Creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack also simplifies network design and management by reducing the number of physical interfaces and cables required for routing. The other options are not correct ways to configure the routable interface for the subnet to be associated with this VLAN because: Create a physically routed interface in the subnet on the 6300M stack for each downstream switch: This option is incorrect because creating a physically routedinterface in the subnet on the 6300M stack for each downstream switch would require using one physical port and cable per downstream switch, which would consume interface resources and increase cable costs. Creating a physically routed interface in the subnet on the 6300M stack for each downstream switch would also complicate network design and management by requiring separate routing configurations and policies for each interface. Create an SVl in the subnet on each downstream switch: This option is incorrect because creating an SVI in the subnet on each downstream switch would not enable inter-VLAN routing between different subnets, as each downstream switch would act as a gateway for its own VLAN only. Creating an SVI in the subnet on each downstream switch would also create duplicate IP addresses in the same subnet, which would cause IP conflicts and routing errors. Create an SVl in the subnet on the 6300M stack, and assign the management address of each downstream switch stack to a different IP address in the same subnet: This option is incorrect because creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack, and assigning the management address of each downstream switch stack to a different IP address in the same subnet would not enable inter-VLAN routing between different subnets, as each downstream switch would still act as a gateway for its own VLAN only. Creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack, and assigning the management address of each downstream switch stack to a different IP address in the same subnet would also create unnecessary IP addresses in the same subnet, which would waste IP space and complicate network management.

References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200- 7295/index.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200- 7295/cx-noscg/l3-routing/l3-routing-overview.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200-7295/cx-noscg/l3- routing/l3-routing-config.htm

Correct Answer: